Platinum nanoparticles: Converting homogeneous to heterogeneous catalysis

Uniting the advantages of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic processes is a continuing goal in the field of catalysis.

Nanoparticles represent a new frontier in heterogeneous catalysis, where this unification can also be supplemented by the ability to obtain new or divergent reactivity and selectivity. Researchers at University of Berkeley, California reported a novel method for applying heterogeneous catalysts to known homogeneous catalytic reactions through the design and synthesis of electrophilic platinum nanoparticles.

These nanoparticles are selectively oxidized by the hypervalent iodine species PhICl₂, and catalyse a range of π-bond activation reactions previously only catalysed through homogeneous processes. Multiple experimental methods are used to unambiguously verify the heterogeneity of the catalytic process. The discovery of treatments for nanoparticles that induce the desired homogeneous catalytic activity should lead to the further development of reactions previously inaccessible in heterogeneous catalysis. Furthermore, a size and capping agent study revealed that Pt PAMAM dendrimer-capped nanoparticles demonstrate superior activity and recyclability compared with larger, polymer-capped analogues.

reference : Nat. Chem., DOI: 10.1038/nchem.468